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Guaranteed and Free Press


While press freedom is not explicitly guaranteed in the constitution, clauses safeguarding freedoms of speech and expression undergird extensive legal protections for media outlets, and the government generally respects these freedoms in practice. However, the constitution contains a number of provisions concerning national security, public order, and public morality that can be used to limit press freedom. (Freedom of Press 2014) [1]



Laws that govern free press

The Botswana independence constitution of September 1966 (amended in August and September 1997) guaranteed freedom of expression to all residents. Unlike many African countries, where the ruling party bans opposition views and news from newspapers, radio and television, Botswana has allowed a diversity of views and allowed robust debate in the electronic and print media. As of 2002, journalists were not licensed or required to register. Newspapers and journalists did not have to post bonds to do their work. There was no censorship, but journalists operated according to community standards by avoiding material that would be considered obscene or offensive. Foreign media and journalists also operated freely and openly.

List of such laws are;

  1. Broadcasting Act, 1998 (Act No. 6 of 1998), the primary statute dealing with the regulation of the broadcasting sector
  2. Cinematograph Act, 1970 (Act No. 73 of 1970) provides for the censorship and pre-classification of films and publications
  3. National Security Act, 1986 (Act No. 11 of 1986) provides for terrorism, defense, and internal security
  4. Printed Publications Act, 1968 (Act No. 15 of 1968) provides for the registration of certain newspapers, and
  5. Penal Code No. 2 of 1964 sets out conduct that is deemed to be criminal, including defamation

Print Media

In the early twenty-first century, there were four print news media outlets in Botswana. The Botswana Daily News which was the most popular. Below it, with circulations from 10,000 to 25,000, were the Botswana Guardian , an English weekly established in 1982; The Botswana Gazette , another English weekly; and Mmegi wa Digmang (The Reporter), also a weekly, published in English and Setswana, established in 1984. The Daily News , Mmegi wa Digmang , and the Botswana Guardian were Botswana's largest and most influential newspapers. The Daily News is state owned while others are privately owned. [3]


State owned Publications

The Department of Information Services was established in April 2004. The department is made up of two main professional divisions: Botswana Press Agency (BOPA) and Publications. Supporting units include Photography, Graphics, Marketing, Publicity and Distribution. The Department has 24 offices around the country, including headquarters in Gaborone. Others are: Francistown, Maun, Ghanzi, Gumare, Hukuntsi, Kasane, Jwaneng, Kanye, Lobatse, Mochudi, Letlhakane, Letlhakeng, Molepolole, Ramotswa, Palapye, Mahalapye, Serowe, Selebi Phikwe, Bobonong, Tsabong, Masunga, Tutume and Lerala.


Daily News

The Botswana Daily News , published in English and Setswana, was established in 1964. With a circulation in the 25,000 to 50,000 range, it was the country's largest newspaper in 2002.


Daily Newspaper


Kutlwano


The first copy of Kutlwano magazine rolled out of the printing press in 1962. A small dull-looking monthly which resembled a school newsletter sold for two-and-a-half cent was published by the Bechuanaland Government’s information branch in Lobatse, and printed by Mafikeng Mail (PTY) Ltd. Kutlwano, described the mutual understanding which presumably existed between the colonial administrators and Batswana leaders during negotiations for independence in the early 1960s. The magazine became very popular judging from the number of people who wrote in, because it was the only thing of its kind. The only magazine that would tell you about Batswana!


Kutlwano


Private Publications

Mmegi Newspaper


Mmegi is an English-language national newspaper in Botswana, with occasional articles or comments in Setswana. Established in 1984, it is now published daily by Dikgang Publishing House in the capital, Gaborone. As of 2006, Mmegi is Botswana's only independent newspaper to be published daily.

Mmegi


The Voice Newspaper


The Voice is a print and online newspaper based in Botswana. The Voice was founded in Francistown in 1993 as The Francistowner Extra; in 1999 it opened offices in the national capital, Gaborone. It has adopted a tabloid format which means shorter stories, bigger pictures and bolder headlines.

The Voice


Sunday Standard

Sunday Standard is a member of the Botswana Press Council and fully subscribes to the country’s Media Code of Ethics. The Chief Custodian of the Sunday Standard Editorial Policy shall be the Editor of the Newspaper. Key among the objectives of the Editorial Policy of the Sunday Standard is to contribute towards an open and democratic Botswana in which government is based on the will of the people.


Sunday Standard



Broadcasting Services - Radio


State owned Stations


Radio Botswana - RB1


Radio Botswana- abbreviated RB1 is operated by the Government of Botswana in the capital city Gaborone. The Radio station provides news, current affairs about the country Botswana, the culture of Botswana, education and also provides entertainment to its followers. Radio Botswana station 1 started diffusing to its crowd in the year 1965 and during that time it was initially called the Radio Bechuanaland before the country became independent. During the time it was called Radio Bechuanaland, the station got assistance of wave transmition from the Mafikeng Veterinary, and it served the department with communication covering a circle of 20 miles. The partnership between the Mafikeng veterinary and radio Bechuanaland was to broadcast the agricultural agenda/programmes.

RB1

Radio Botswana 2 - RB2


The first commercial radio channel - RB2- started operating in April 1992 as a government pilot project to find ways to offset increasing expenditure through advertising. It initially utilised a 100-watt transmitter, whose coverage extended 50 km around the capital city, Gaborone, however, the radio, dubbed "FM 103" (from its initial Gaborone reception frequency), can now be tuned to across the country.

RB 2 caters for an audience ranging in age from 15 to 45 years comprising mainly urban and suburban dwellers. The radio station features contemporary entertainment appealing especially to the younger members of society and young urban professionals.

RB2

Private Stations

Duma FM


The Duma FM programming format has been carefully formulated to allow us to place utmost priority on delivery of good music, and equal precedence on stimulating, relevant, talk based content – both of which are developed with the mature, discerning listener in mind. This format brings you, the advertiser and your customer (our listener) innovative ways of communicating with audiences without compromising the 2 most important elements of any radio station – the music and talk. Duma FM is an adult contemporarily radio station with a national coverage of over 60% of the country. Going into the new format, the station has a mandate of keeping listeners engaged through music and talk, which is why Duma FM has an equal music/talk ratio – 50% talk and 50% music.

DumaFM


Yarona FM


Yarona FM is a Botswana FM radio based in Gaborone with a core broadcast audience of youth (age 14), with a spill out to ages 35. The network plays a relatively freeform mix of indie music, including rock, pop, alternative hip hop, motswako and electronic music.

YaronaFM

Gabz FM


Gabz-FM is a radio station that operates from Botswana and was formed in 20th October 1999. The station broadcasts nationally via terrestrial transmission and globally via Internet. Being one of the oldest commercial radio stations in the country, Gabz-FM has branded itself as the heart and soul of adult contemporary music. Our programming targets adults aged 24 plus and our programming constitutes 80% talk and 20% music. The station takes into cognizance the fact that the Gabz-FM listener works hard and would rather relax with a station that has abundant information with rejuvenating and soothing music.

GabzFM



Broadcasting Services - Television


State owned TV Stations


Botswana Television - BTV


Botswana TV is the national broadcaster in Botswana. Botswana's first national television service started in 2000 following a 1997 government decision. The station delivers thirteen hours of local and international programmes daily on weekdays and 13 hours of programming on weekends.

BTV


NOW TV


The Ministry of Youth Empowerment, Sport & Culture Development (MYSC) established NOW! TV to promote and showcase local talent in the areas of Youth empowerment, Sport and Culture development and also to grow the Botswana Film and Television industry.


Now TV


Private TV Stations


YTV


YTV, previously eBotswana, is a free-to-air terrestrial television station that broadcasts in Gaborone and its surrounding areas. It recently improved its broadcast signal and visual quality by increasing its transmission power. It also recently changed the position of its transmitter from Kgale Hill to Gabane Hill, so as to increase its coverage pattern. People staying in Gaborone, Gabane, Mochudi, Mogoditshane, Ramotswa,Tlokweng, Oodi, Modipane, Sikwane, Metsimotlhabe, Kopong, Molepolole, Moshopa, Lentsweletau, Rasesa, Morwa, Bokaa, Phakalane and Mathubudukwane, Otse, Thamaga and Malolwane can now access our quality entertainment.

eTV


Online Streams


uPicTV


Botswana's no.1 entertainment hub. Exciting local & international shows all in one place. Pick from the best selection of movies, series and kid’s programs. Cancel your subscription at anytime you want, no commitment, no contract, no penalties. Try our 7 day free trail to ensure you are satisfied with the best entertainment from the African continent. Register 4 sub accounts for your family members. Watch through the web or use the UPICtv App. Connect up to three devices at once. Family entertainment anywhere.

upictv

REFERENCES
[1] https://www.refworld.org/docid/53df47edb.html
[2] https://www.irex.org/sites/default/files/pdf/2-Africa_08_botswana.pdf
[3] http://www.pressreference.com/Be-Co/Botswana.html
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Botswana
[5] https://www.radioline.co/listen-to-rb2-radio-botswana
[6] https://www.dumafm.co.bw/about
[7] https://www.gabzfm.com/index.php/gabzfm-content/cid/12/about-gabz-fm/
[8] https://maps.prodafrica.com/places/botswana/south-east-district/gaborone/communications-1/ebotswana/

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